Democratic and Republican politicians in Washington have failed to reach a deal to keep the COVID-19 benefits going.

The $600 ($840 AUD) weekly payments made under the federal CARES Act to the tens of millions rendered jobless during the coronavirus pandemic have been credited with helping reduce poverty amid a downturn that caused a historic plunge in GDP.

But the $2.2 trillion congressional measure did not anticipate the resurgence in COVID-19 infections seen across the United States in recent weeks, which has hampered business reopenings and raised doubts about the country's ability to stop the virus anytime soon.

Democratic and Republican politicians in Washington have failed to reach a deal to keep the benefits going, and the Senate went home for the weekend. 

Economists fear the virus along with the legislative dithering will cause great harm to the world's largest economy.

"The rebound we expected in the second half of the year will likely be subdued, unless the virus can be contained and activity can resume," Rubeela Farooqi of High Frequency Economics said.

"Without a more complete reopening, the economy is likely to suffer lasting damage, and the path back to economic health will be an even slower and more extended process."

Terrible numbers

The economy shrank by an annualised rate of 32.9 per cent in the April-June quarter, the Commerce Department said Thursday, the worst since record-keeping began in 1947. 

Hopes for a recovery were rising as business lockdowns to stop the coronavirus were relaxed in May and June, and government payments helped boost consumption. 

Weekly jobless claims surged in March after the lockdowns began but then declined for months, according to Labor Department surveys.

But as the coronavirus resurgence forces state and local governments to roll back reopening measures, the latest data shows joblessness starting to rise again over the last two weeks, with nearly 2.3 million new claims made in the week ended 25 July.

"Two is not a trend, but with the virus running rampant across much of the nation and the reopening of the economy largely on pause, we are likely to see that increase continue," analyst Joel Naroff said. 

'Massive welfare economy'

A study last month by the University of Chicago and the University of Notre Dame credited government aid including the CARES Act with reducing poverty by 2.3 per cent even as unemployment surged.

Despite the rising jobless rate, there have been paradoxical signs of increased spending. 

On Friday, the Commerce Department reported personal consumption expenditures rose 5.6 per cent last month even as personal income declined, though only by 1.1 per cent, a slower rate than in May. 

Analysts have credited the CARES Act and its extraordinary unemployment payments with supporting economic sectors like retail sales, which in June returned almost to its level prior to the pandemic. 

President Donald Trump has seized on the promising numbers to bolster his case for a rapid "v-shaped" recovery, but Gregory Daco of Oxford Economics said the increase in virus cases changes the situation. 

"The June data confirm the strong initial phase of the recovery, but we caution that rear-view mirror economics could drive us off a cliff," he wrote in an analysis.

And Mr Naroff pointed to the rise in personal income in the face of the worst unemployment crisis seen in decades as evidence that the federal government has created a "massive welfare economy" - one that would quickly slump if Congress fails act, and COVID-19 remains rife. 

"We have the largest welfare economy in US history, but it was implemented to pay for current spending and keep us from a total collapse," he said.

"If you cut that support and the problem facing the economy, the virus, remains out of control, well that v-shaped recovery could disappear."